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Italy, officially known as the Italian Republic, is a country situated in Southern Europe. Comprising 20 regions, Italy shares land borders with France to the northwest, Switzerland and Austria to the north, and Slovenia to the northeast. It is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, with coastline along the Tyrrhenian, Ionian, and Adriatic Seas. The country also includes the enclaved states of San Marino and Vatican City. Spanning approximately 116,000 square miles (301,000 square kilometers), Italy ranks among the most densely populated countries globally. With a population exceeding 60 million, it stands as one of Europe’s most populous nations. Rome serves as the capital city, while Milan holds prominence as a major financial and cultural center.
